Sunday, 30 June 2024

Macro and micro embodied networks

Typus Sympathicus Microcosmi cum Megacosmo: Oedipus Aegyptiacus: Athanasius Kircher

In the image above, the body's organs are shown, along with zodiacal and planetary symbols. The dotted lines are labelled in Latin with the name of the body parts they point towards. The outer ring names various plants, diseases and foods. The image reflects a desire to link everything together and it suggests that various correspondences exist between humans and the environment they exist within. This reminded me of the fact that when we begin to look at other species beside ourselves, they nearly always exist within a niche, for instance insects that feed on the various plant species, tend to have a very specific relationship with the plants they feed on. They have evolved to fit perfectly in the world they inhabit, but outside of that environment they would soon die. If an insect were therefore to be able to show us the relationship between itself and its world, it too would probably produce a diagram showing how its own form reflects the make up of the world it inhabits. 

Robert Fludd: The cosmic macrocosm within the body microcosm 

Several cultures at different times in history have come to a conclusion, that there is an analogy between the human body and the structure of the cosmos. In European traditions the head is analogous to the coelum empyreum or highest heaven which was supposed to be occupied by the element of fire. The chest to the coelum aethereum which is occupied by the planets and wherein the heart is analogous to the sun and the abdomen to the coelum elementare; the legs to the dark earthy mass (molis terreƦ) which supports this universe. The nice thing about drawings is that they can at the same time be illustrations and diagrams, therefore they can hold two positions at once. You can focus for example on the shape and form of the human body and think about how it stands in relation to the surface it is depicted upon. On the other hand you can switch your attention to a diagram of the cosmos. The scale of one being totally at odds with the scale of the other, and yet even so, in your minds eye you can reconcile the two ideas and hold them together, because analogy stems from finding a likeness and this likeness forms a powerful and meaningful connection. 
I have been trying to combine some of my images based on interoceptual experiences, with those made from observation, so have returned to life drawing, but with a different intent, trying to imagine feelings of interiors at the same time as seeing an exterior form. 


Perceiving insides and outsides at the same time.

I've also been reading two texts at the same time, as an attempt to support a more holistic understanding of what I'm trying to get at. One is exploring the 'molecules of emotion', an examination of how for instance neuropeptides are secreted by immune system cells, demonstrating therefore that communication with the brain and stomach is via a network and is not one way. The peptides integrate the immune system, (spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes and white blood cells), with for example areas of the skin, in order for the body to react when we are wounded. In the defence of the realm, (the body) good communications are therefore maintained, and as with all communication networks, you can use communication theory to help think about what is going on. 

Internal and external flows of information

An act of communication is the transferring of information from one thing to another thing. Every communication involves (at least) a sender, a message and a recipient, or a starting point, a movement between and an end point.  Communication includes the medium used to communicate and the location of the communication. There are several communication theories that are available to help us understand how and why a system might work, and each theoretical lens allows us to think about the effects of the communication in slightly different ways. See this Handout that describes the main communication theories, the cybernetic transmission theory being the one that most clearly fits this situation, but other theories that stress the very human nature of communication can also be used. 


Chinese representations of the trunk and its organs (c.13th century)

The other text is a history of Chinese medicine and it explores the mythic relationship between the human body and the cosmos, and it focuses on ways of thinking that were developed over 2,000 years ago. I am revisiting this text because it allows me to think visually about the body as an image that can hold an inner and outer reality together and at the same time conjoin two vastly different scales, the size of a body and the size of the universe. The images above are entitled  'neijing tu' a term that translates as 'internal view, inner landscape, inscape' and as images they were intended for people who practised the inward visualisation of the internal organs. The images in their original form, were accompanied by a text about inward contemplation. 

The Neijing Tu

The Neijing tu depicts a human body as a microcosm of nature; an "inner landscape" with mountains, rivers, paths, forests, and stars. 

An interoceptual landscape

Exploring how various scales as well as interior and external narratives can be conjoined

In my visual research, I've been looking at how some things that we think of as beginning with perceptual external experiences, eventually become physical, inner body realities, such as an experience that becomes embodied as a chemically induced feeling. For instance I was knocked down by a car before Christmas and since then, every time I need to cross a road, I have a heightened sense of anxiety and I feel this within my stomach. 

The body scan

I was taken to hospital and had to have a full body scan and the whole experience left me with an embodied set of feelings that are now part of me. I have had a steep learning experience and as I therefore approach a road to cross it, my body issues a chemical warning and in order to do this, my body is secreting extra neurotransmitters such as epinephrine and norepinephrine. This has led me to develop a series of drawings centred on images of whirlpools, in particular tales of the Moskstraumen or Moske-stroom that sits adjacent to the Lofoten Islands off the Norwegian coast. As a teenager I had read 'A Descent Into The Maelstrom' by Edgar Allan Poe and this illustrated imaginary experience, even though 60 years ago, is also an embodied memory, something that still causes me to have a slight anxiety, especially when I bring to mind Poe's written description, alongside Harry Clarke's illustration. Going into the scanner, felt as if it was something akin to entering a whirlpool. My body scan print above, structurally echoing the idea of being sucked into a vortex. 

Harry Clarke: Illustration to 'A Descent Into The Maelstrom' 1919

I was also reminded of an idea I had some time ago of a decent into the gut, where I drew the slide down a throat and the journey into the intestines; a place where bits of old food floated about; visualised as a sort of Jonah and the Whale or Geppetto and Pinocchio inside the whale story. The nearest I had come to actually using this idea though in the past was as an illustration for the Nest story. 

Kay Nielsen: Inside Monstro the Whale: Pinocchio (1940)

From: Nest

This is how Edgar Allen Poe described the situation; 'Our first slide into the abyss itself, from the belt of foam above, had carried us a great distance down the slope; but our farther descent was by no means proportionate. Round and round we swept—not with any uniform movement—but in dizzying swings and jerks, that sent us sometimes only a few hundred yards—sometimes nearly the complete circuit of the whirl. Our progress downward, at each revolution, was slow, but very perceptible. Looking about me upon the wide waste of liquid ebony on which we were thus borne, I perceived that our boat was not the only object in the embrace of the whirl. Both above and below us were visible fragments of vessels, large masses of building timber and trunks of trees, with many smaller articles, such as pieces of house furniture, broken boxes, barrels and staves.' E A Poe

This for myself is proof of art's ability of affect us deeply and that various threads of experience (both of external realities and the imagination) can be woven together in ways, that even though they don't seem logical, can still be effective. 




Pages from sketchbooks

So perhaps I need to further integrate a narrative that has been floating around this new body of work. It began several years ago when I was making images in response to a story told to me while I was drawing blocks of flats in Leeds. At the time I made an animation of a boat at sea, the boat hit troubled waters and eventually sank, re-emerging in calmer waters only to fall prey to the same storm, over and over again. Other static drawings also included tiny boats, filled with tiny people, always engaged in some sort of tragic event. This boat has returned to my image bank, very much in response to the government cry of 'Stop the Boats'. I inwardly shudder as I think of the harsh trials that people have had to survive to get as far as the English Channel, only to find at the last hurdle, one more virtually insurmountable hurdle, the toxic myth of migration and immigration. The boats are now being sucked down by maelstroms, but these maelstroms are also digestive tracts, as if by setting out to legislate against these people, we in effect try to swallow them whole, we are now the monsters that swallow the boats. 

This is also a sign of our collective health. We treat immigration as if it is some sort of infection. However if we are to collectively heal ourselves, we will need to be far more in tune with the environment and focus on issues such as pollution and global warming, two of the very things that cause populations to destabilise. The Earth warms and fishing grounds become sterile, crops die because of drought and it becomes just too hot to live where you are. When it gets too hot to live, you need to move and as you do you come across artificial boundaries, invisible lines that were drawn across maps at some time, often in the 19th century by Europeans; lines that never took into account the invisible reality of the industrial revolution and its dire consequences for the planet.

The Chinese system saw the human body as a model of the cosmos and the cosmos as a model for the human body. A new cosmic model would include all of our recent tragedies, and would embrace polluted rivers as models of the body's blood flow, but now including micro plastics and chemicals found in our food, due to over investment in pesticides. Gut bacteria would be faced with strange foods that are blighted with antibiotics, preservatives and high levels of artificial sugars, the gut in turn becoming an embodied model for the Earth itself. 

The body's cells have long memories, these memories determine strange things, such as the fact that during the early development of the spinal chord, the heart is at one point above the head. Cells are programmed to divide and undertake various types of metamorphosis as they evolve into the forms that will be needed to maintain the particular life type they have an encoded DNA for. But tiny changes in the environment can affect their programming. 

So what am I getting at here? Can communication theory deal with how a cell communicates with other cells? Is noise or interference an issue? What would this be in the life of a body cell? Does the body inhabit a form of rhetoric? Is it all just about energy flow? Is the relationship between the scale of a cell and the human body, similar to the scale of a human body shown in relation to the scale of the solar system?

There is a story here, a tale of two selves, one a body and another of a mind, fused together and in the flux of fusion something else is glimpsed; a spirit, a vital charge, soul or just life itself. 

The glimpse

Always new images to find, and as the search goes on, a trail of not quite there ones are left, which when put together perhaps reveal something else, how the visual embodied mind seeks stories that speak differently to the verbal one. The Greek poet Nikos Kazantzakis once stated, "The universe is warm, beloved, familiar and it smells like my own body". 

The human universe

See also:

Drawing using analogue and digital processes: A reflection on the visualisation of interoception


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