'God blessed them, and God said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth and subdue it; and have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the air and over every living thing that moves upon the earth'
In this passage from Genesis, God is giving human beings the authority to have dominion over every other living thing and that means that Jews and Christians have for over 2,000 years been taught that plants like the dandelion are a step or two below ourselves on the ladder of being.
The fact that certain plants have been historically understood as food, textile material, money, religious objects, ornaments or weeds speaks to the many socio-economic variables at play in their categorisation; their names sometimes preserving traces of their various social lives. With this in mind, along with a very particular personal reason, the story of dandelions, and their ambiguous existence on the border between weeds and food, becomes something that begins to open out for myself several avenues within which to develop visual inventions.
Perhaps I ought to explain my personal association with dandelions. It is twofold and complex but all the more rich therefore in its potential. My father was an obsessive lawn maintainer. He was one of those people that liked to see an immaculate lawn in front of the house, as if it was a sign of the ordered house behind it. I was taught to mow the lawn in straight lines, so that the grass was at exactly the right length and bent over at a particular angle so that the lawn's stripes, lined up with the house's axis.
It was a time when boys up until the age of 12 still had to wear short trousers
A nice striped lawn
As well as to mow the lawn, my job was to weed it. Dandelions were for my father a particular threat and they were easy to spot, a tiny spot of yellow was for my father an eyesore and to keep him happy, I learnt to keep an eye out for them. I was taught to use Weedol and would pour it onto any foreign plant that threatened to disturb the lawn's homogeneity and as these were two of the most resented tasks my father forced on me, both mowing and weeding became inextricable from my idea of what he represented. (Yes I am aware of Freud's Oedipus complex) Many years later I was to get a phone call to tell me he had died, he had had a heart attack when mowing the lawn. My mother's mother, my grandmother, lived in a village and was deeply attuned to the natural world and every year we would go walking in the local fields and would pick dandelion heads, so that she could make dandelion wine. This was a joyous experience, instead of a chore it was lots of fun and was a time of immersing myself in the world of tall grasses that tickled your legs and felt warm as you rolled down banks covered in what my dad would have thought of as weeds, but which my gran knew as plants with stories. These two alternate visions have stayed with me throughout my life and still influence my view of the world and our relationship with it. The dandelion for myself, representing a focus around which these two opposing realities moved. What I'm suggesting here is that when looking to develop work around something, it is often useful to find a personal relationship to the subject. This may of course allow others to accuse you of making your approach too subjective, but for myself, it has always been an essential aspect of why I'm bothered to make work about the things I do.
In my father's mind the human / plant relationship was one of signals about property and ownership. He did not want any 'weeds' to dilute his signs to neighbours that he was in total control of his domestic life. He owned the house and controlled what was allowed within its boundaries. But my father was not alone in his thinking. A quick search of the Internet will reveal a host of ways to eradicate weeds from lawns, millions of home owners still wanting to ensure their immaculately kept lawns are free from foreign invaders. There is a very good article on lawns by Krystal D'Costa that was published in Scientific American, 'The American Obsession with Lawns', in it she states;
"Lawns are viewed as an indicator of socio-economic character, which translates into property- and resale values. Lawns are indicative of success; they are a physical manifestation of the American Dream of home ownership. To have a well maintained lawn is a sign to others that you have the time and/or the money to support this attraction. It signifies that you care about belonging and want others to see that you are like them." (D'Costa, 2017)
The dandelion becomes, not just a couple of steps down the ladder of being, as in Lull's medieval hierarchy of relationships, but an economic threat to property and resale value. A reflection of the gradual erosion of the Christian religion and its value systems and replacement by capitalism and its value systems.
There are dandelion stories that have been told over and over again and in many different languages, common tales that belong to everyone and these stories contain within them other sets of values, in the case of the following story a more communal idea is fostered, could it perhaps suggest that the dandelion be celebrated for its socialist ideals?
This story has been told many times, sometimes it is an angel that does the judging and at other times fairies, but whichever version of the story you will hear, it is always one that celebrates the virtues of a flower that seems to be able to grow almost anywhere and that has edible, roots, leaves and a flower that makes for tasty wine.
Long, long ago, the flowers and their fairies had been having long ongoing talks and discussions as to which was the most beautiful, the most special and therefore the most loved flower. The talks went on for many weeks and eventually an argument started; each and every flower at some point claiming to be the most beautiful and the most special. Finally, after much distress and shedding of petals all of the flowers agreed to let the Flower Fairies decide. The Queen of the Flower Fairies was a fair, gentle and kind spirit and so the fairies turned to her and asked her to settle the issue and to give one plant her blessing and the title of the "most perfect" flower. At first she refused the task, she told the flowers that they were all wonderful and said to the other fairies, "They are all beautiful in their own way." But the bickering began again and she could see that there was not going to be a solution until they all had an answer.
The Fairy Queen had ideas of her own about beauty and what was special and she therefore decided to test each flower by asking them one question. She had always understood that it was only by considering the needs of others and the relationships between everything that we could become aware of how delicate and wonderful the fragile nature of existence was and her question was designed to find out if the flowers had ever themselves thought about these things. Although she loved them dearly, she had always had a suspicion that they loved themselves a little too much and that they rarely thought about how much their beauty relied on the efforts of others.
The first flower the Fairy talked to was the rose. "What is your ambition?" she asked. "I would like to climb the castle wall." said the rose. "And then kings and queens and nobles would pass by everyday and exclaim over my beauty, my scent and my delicate nature." The Flower Fairy Queen nodded her head and thanked the rose, and then moved on.
Next she came to a tulip, standing tall and proud. "What is your ambition?" she asked the tulip. "I want to live in a public garden" said the tulip. "Where everyday people would come and admire my wonderful colours and see how straight and tall I stand." Once again, the Flower Fairy Queen nodded her head and after thanking the tulip, she moved on.
She walked until she came to a forest. There she found some violets. She asked them "What is your ambition little violets?" "Oh" said the violets quietly "We like it here hidden in the woods where no one can see us and where the trees keep the sun from dulling our beautiful colour." Once again, the Flower Fairy Queen nodded her head and after thanking the violets, she moved on. She then talked to the tiger lily who told her how wild and fierce it was, of how it wanted to be the strongest and bravest of all the flowers. She talked to the sunflower who barely answered her because all she wanted to do was be warmed by the sun. The Queen talked to the orchids who only wanted to dance and she tried to talk to the narcissus but it was too busy looking at it's reflection in the water to speak to her.
The queen walked on speaking to flower after flower, each one full of self regard but of little awareness of the needs of others or of how and why they had themselves become such beautiful things.
After many months of wondering the Earth she was becoming worried, was there no flower that understood the world in a similar way to herself? She was ready to give up and go home when she came to a field with bright fluffy yellow flowers on long thin stalks. The leaves were long and jagged and very close to the ground and the flowers looked happy and cheerful. "What are you called?" she asked? "I am a dandelion" said the little flower. "What is your ambition little dandelion?", she asked, just as she had all the other flowers that she had come across. "I'd like to live wherever there are others. I want to live beside the road, and in the meadows, and push up between the sidewalks in the cities, and make friends with snails and flies and beetles and worms and other plants and mushrooms and algae and birds. I want all things to feel happier when they see my bright colours, when they feel the thin fingers of my roots tickle them, when they see my juicy leaves and taste how delicious I am." The dandelion chattered on happily saying, "I want to be the first flower that children pick in the spring and take to their mothers. I want to carry wishes on the wind and become part of everyone's life."
At last the Flower Fairy Queen began to smile again, she nodded her head and said "Little dandelion, you are the most perfect and special flower of all and you shall have your wish! You will blossom everywhere from spring until autumn and be known as everyone's flower." This is why the dandelion comes so early and pushes its head up everywhere with such strength and determination; and why it is so loved by other plants and soils, who offer it hospitality throughout the year.
So when you see a dandelion peeping out between the cracks in paving stones, sitting in alongside the too neat grasses of a manicured lawn, or simply holding on to what would be a bare patch of waste ground if it wasn't around, remember that it is the most special of flowers and blessed by the Flower Fairy Queen and if you don't treat it with the utmost respect she will know this and will remember you and that is something you really don't want to happen.